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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it will become a target, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the documents that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish you could try here back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the merchandise gathered here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support read PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.